In chemical called liqor to those organic chemical compounds containing a hydroxyl group (-OH) in replacing a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a carbon atom. Besides this carbon must be saturated, ie must have only single bonds to two separate atoms, one that differentiates liqor-phenols. If containing several hydroxyl groups are called polyols (alcohol assessment).
The acidity of hydroxyl group is similar to that of water, although it depends mainly steric hindrance and the inductive effect. If a hydroxyl is bonded to a tertiary carbon, it is less acidic than if he were bound to a secondary carbon, and in turn it would be less acidic than if I was bound to a primary carbon, because steric hindrance prevents the molecule is effectively solvate. The inductive effect increases the acidity of liqor if the molecule has a large number of electronegative atoms attached to adjacent carbons (electronegative atoms help stabilize the negative charge of oxygen by electrostatic attraction).
The kit liqor can have various compositions. Ethyl liqor can be completely to 96 degrees, with an additive such as benzalkonium chloride or a substance to give an unpleasant taste. It is what is known as denatured ethyl liqor. Are also used as denaturants diethyl phthalate and methanol, which makes some toxic methylated spirits.
Tertiary liqor: tertiary liqors react almost instantaneously, because they are relatively stable tertiary carbocations. Tertiary liqors react directly with hydrochloric acid to produce the tertiary chloroalkane, but a primary or secondary liqor is used the presence of a Lewis acid is required, a "trigger" as zinc chloride.
Common (non-systematic): putting the word liqor and replacing the suffix -ano corresponding alkane. For example would methyl liqor, ethyl liqor, propyl liqor, etc. IUPAC: adding a l (el) to -ano name suffix in hydrocarbon precursor (met-ano-l, where meth indicates a carbon atom, -ano- indicates a hydrocarbon alkane which is -l an liqor), and identifying the position of carbon atom that is bonded to hydroxyl group (3-butanol, for example).
Phenols, are sometimes referred to as individual liqors in which hydroxyl is bonded to a carbon of a benzene ring. Their reactivity is so different from that of other liqors (here the carbon bearing the OH group is not tetrahedral), phenols are generally classified outside the liqor family.
Tertiary liqor: although resist being oxidized with mild oxidizing, if an energetic as potassium permanganate is used, tertiary liqors are oxidized products giving as a ketone with a number less carbon atoms, and methane is released .
The liqors can be produced by fermentation, including methanol from wood and ethanol from fruits and grains. The industry is resorted to only in case of ethanol to produce fuel and drinks. In other cases, liqors are synthesized from organic compounds from natural gas or oil in particular by hydration of alkenes.
The acidity of hydroxyl group is similar to that of water, although it depends mainly steric hindrance and the inductive effect. If a hydroxyl is bonded to a tertiary carbon, it is less acidic than if he were bound to a secondary carbon, and in turn it would be less acidic than if I was bound to a primary carbon, because steric hindrance prevents the molecule is effectively solvate. The inductive effect increases the acidity of liqor if the molecule has a large number of electronegative atoms attached to adjacent carbons (electronegative atoms help stabilize the negative charge of oxygen by electrostatic attraction).
The kit liqor can have various compositions. Ethyl liqor can be completely to 96 degrees, with an additive such as benzalkonium chloride or a substance to give an unpleasant taste. It is what is known as denatured ethyl liqor. Are also used as denaturants diethyl phthalate and methanol, which makes some toxic methylated spirits.
Tertiary liqor: tertiary liqors react almost instantaneously, because they are relatively stable tertiary carbocations. Tertiary liqors react directly with hydrochloric acid to produce the tertiary chloroalkane, but a primary or secondary liqor is used the presence of a Lewis acid is required, a "trigger" as zinc chloride.
Common (non-systematic): putting the word liqor and replacing the suffix -ano corresponding alkane. For example would methyl liqor, ethyl liqor, propyl liqor, etc. IUPAC: adding a l (el) to -ano name suffix in hydrocarbon precursor (met-ano-l, where meth indicates a carbon atom, -ano- indicates a hydrocarbon alkane which is -l an liqor), and identifying the position of carbon atom that is bonded to hydroxyl group (3-butanol, for example).
Phenols, are sometimes referred to as individual liqors in which hydroxyl is bonded to a carbon of a benzene ring. Their reactivity is so different from that of other liqors (here the carbon bearing the OH group is not tetrahedral), phenols are generally classified outside the liqor family.
Tertiary liqor: although resist being oxidized with mild oxidizing, if an energetic as potassium permanganate is used, tertiary liqors are oxidized products giving as a ketone with a number less carbon atoms, and methane is released .
The liqors can be produced by fermentation, including methanol from wood and ethanol from fruits and grains. The industry is resorted to only in case of ethanol to produce fuel and drinks. In other cases, liqors are synthesized from organic compounds from natural gas or oil in particular by hydration of alkenes.
